Anthropic’s Australian ambitions could require an extraordinary amount of electricity.

The Claude maker expressed interest earlier this year in locating up to 5 gigawatts of AI data center capacity in New South Wales, according to internal government emails obtained by ABC News. The figure would be more than three times the combined capacity of all Australian data centers, putting the scale of the global AI infrastructure race into unusually stark terms.

For Australian IT leaders, the question extends well beyond whether Anthropic ultimately builds anything close to 5GW. The company’s interest illustrates how rapidly AI infrastructure demand could reshape where computing capacity is built, how it is powered, and potentially what enterprises pay to access it.

Anthropic’s 5GW figure was an ambition, not a commitment

The 5GW number needs an important qualifier.

ABC reported that Infrastructure NSW emails from March indicated that Anthropic was interested in discussing opportunities to locate up to 5 GW of capacity in NSW. The emails did not specify when Anthropic wanted that capacity available, and ABC said the figure represented initial interest rather than a confirmed construction plan. Anthropic and NSW Investment declined to comment.

The company has nevertheless been examining a significantly larger presence in Australia. Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei and other executives visited the country after the emails were sent, and the company signed a memorandum of understanding with the Australian government that included plans to expand its presence in Australia.

The newly revealed figure also provides more context for Australia’s broader push for greater control over the infrastructure that underpins artificial intelligence. As TechRepublic previously examined, policymakers are increasingly concerned that Australia could become primarily a buyer of AI services developed and operated overseas, rather than capturing more of the technology’s economic value locally.

Hosting more AI infrastructure could help change that equation. But it creates another problem: finding enough electricity to run it.

Australia’s grid is already preparing for an AI data center surge

Five gigawatts would represent an enormous new electrical load even before accounting for other companies expanding their infrastructure.

Australia’s energy system is already preparing for sharply rising data center demand. TechRepublic detailed in June that the Australian Energy Market Operator had identified data centers as an emerging grid-stability challenge as increasingly large facilities connect to the National Electricity Market.

AEMO estimated data centers consumed roughly 4 terawatt-hours of electricity across the National Electricity Market in fiscal 2025, equivalent to about 2.2% of total demand. Under its Step Change scenario, consumption could rise to approximately 12 TWh, or 6% of demand, by 2029-30.

AI infrastructure makes the challenge particularly acute because modern GPU clusters concentrate immense computing and power requirements in individual campuses. Power and cooling have consequently become fundamental constraints on AI deployment worldwide, a challenge TechRepublic has explored in its coverage of AI-era data center design.

Australia now faces that global problem at national scale.

New Australian rules could force data centers to bring their own power

The Anthropic revelation arrived just as the federal, state, and territory governments are negotiating how to prevent the AI infrastructure boom from pushing costs and grid pressures onto other electricity users.

On Aug. 26, National Cabinet agreed to develop nationally consistent mandatory standards covering the energy, water, and land-use impacts of large data centers. The federal government plans to legislate the framework in early 2027, according to the National Cabinet communiqué.

The proposed framework would impose significant obligations on developers.

The government has said large data centers will be expected to underwrite new electricity supply, pay their share of grid-connection costs, reduce power consumption when required, and meet water-efficiency requirements.

The Australian Energy Market Commission has separately recommended reforms designed to make new data centers bring additional clean and firm energy into the system, demonstrate that their demand is backed by new firm capacity, participate directly in electricity markets, and operate more flexibly.

The political details are still being worked out. Energy Minister Chris Bowen said Friday that states would not receive blanket exemptions from the planned national standards. Draft standards are expected before legislation is introduced next year, ABC reported.

What the AI infrastructure race means for Australian IT leaders

For CIOs and infrastructure teams, a multigigawatt AI buildout could eventually influence decisions that appear far removed from electricity policy.

More domestic capacity could improve access to AI computing resources, reduce some dependence on overseas infrastructure, and make Australia a more attractive location for workloads that benefit from local hosting. That could matter for organizations considering latency, data residency, sovereignty, and resilience requirements.

But physical proximity does not automatically mean abundant or inexpensive compute.

If electricity generation, transmission, water infrastructure, or data center construction fails to keep pace with demand, capacity constraints could still affect where cloud providers build, how quickly new AI services become available, and what customers ultimately pay for them.

That is why the 5GW figure matters even if Anthropic never builds 5GW in NSW.

It offers a glimpse of the infrastructure scale frontier AI companies are contemplating and of the choices Australia may have to make if it wants a meaningful share of that investment. The country’s opportunity is no longer simply attracting AI companies. It is determining whether the power grid, water systems, regulation, and enterprise technology ecosystem can expand fast enough to accommodate what those companies may bring with them.

Also read: Australia’s AI infrastructure boom is already reshaping the country’s economy, with data centers accounting for nearly 17% of private investment in the first quarter of 2026.

The hype around humanoid robots isn’t particularly new. Thank Tesla CEO Elon Musk and his Optimus robot, as well as the myriad videos of Boston Dynamics’ Atlas robot, for that.

Behind that hype, though, there is real progress. The physical capabilities of robots continue to improve, and researchers now  believe that the AI techniques behind large language models can make complex robots capable of learning nearly any task.

Those tailwinds have encouraged a new batch of companies to jump in on the promise of profits from humanoid robots. And many of the latest entrants are Chinese automakers.

Earlier this week, Xpeng’s robotics unit raised more than $900 million at a post-money valuation of more than $6.3 billion. The round, led by IDG Capital with participation from Gaorong Ventures, Tencent, and Alibaba, was described by the company as the largest single-round private financing ever recorded in China’s “embodied AI” industry (AI systems built directly into physical machines).

This month, AiMOGA, the robotics unit of China’s Chery Automobile, reportedly began preparing for an IPO , while BYD unveiled a humanoid robot called Xiao Di. Other Chinese automakers, including Changan, GAC, Li Auto, SAIC, and Seres, are also developing humanoid robots.

Among all of them, Xpeng is the Chinese automaker that most closely watches and follows Tesla’s initiatives, according to Michael Dunne, CEO of San Diego- and Singapore-based advisory firm Dunne Insights.

“It’s the most focused on autonomy, it’s the first to commit in a big way to humanoid robots,” Dunne told TechCrunch, adding that Xpeng founder He Xiaopeng is a tech billionaire known for his agility and quick adjustments. “He sees razor-thin profit in cars on the near horizon. Robots look much more promising.”

Xiaopeng and Xpeng co-president Brian Gu are bullish enough that they’ve put their own funds behind the robotics unit. According to the WSJ, the pair invested about $100 million into the recent fundraising round.

Xpeng’s bet is on Iron, a humanoid robot with a realistic human shape that is built for commercial deployment.

Chinese automakers like Xpeng do bring a manufacturing edge.

“They have all the hardware to get the job done,” Dunne said. “Question is if they can catch Tesla on the AI side if the equation.”

There are, of course, many other companies developing humanoid robots, including Agility Robotics, Apptronik, and Figure, all chasing the same goal: commercial deployment at scale.

Hyundai-owned Boston Dynamics is getting closer to that goal. Hyundai plans to bring Boston Dynamics’ Atlas humanoid robot to its Georgia factory this year and eventually deploy the robots for tasks like parts sequencing by 2028. The Korean automaker, which partnered with Google’s AI research lab DeepMind to speed up the development of Atlas, is opening a U.S. facility this year called a Robot Metaplant Application Center, which will teach robots how to map movements like lifts and turns.

Other automotive companies are also jumping, including supplier Mobileye, which acquired humanoid robot startup Mentee Robotics earlier this year for $900 million. Even Rivian is dabbling in robots with its Mind Robotics spinout — although its robots are not expected to look quite like the humanoids in development elsewhere.

I am nothing if not a huge movie buff. I watch way too many of them, and I’m always on the hunt for a new format in which to experience them. So when XREAL, the smart glasses company, sent me an a01 — one of its newer models, which it released in May of this year — I was eager to give them a spin as the newest vector by which to satisfy my media fanaticism.

The a01 isn’t a particularly sophisticated smart glasses model. Unlike more software-heavy AR glasses like, say, the Meta Orion or Snap’s Specs, it’s basically just an external monitor. It also doesn’t have a battery or an internal power mechanism. Instead, a simple USB-C cable plugs the glasses into a device of your choosing, which then becomes the headset’s power source. It’s also not so expensive, at an accessible price point of around $300.

The a01 is actually optimized for gaming, in that it can be plugged into a Steam Deck or other handheld gaming device. However, XREAL also advertises them as a way to watch movies and TV — and since that’s more my speed, once I had the a01 in hand, I plugged it into my personal laptop and booted up the Criterion Channel. I then sat watching David Lynch’s film Wild at Heart for a while, enjoying a sequence where Nicolas Cage, dressed in a snakeskin jacket, beats up a guy in a bar and then sings an Elvis song.

I’ll say this: the images look quite good. The glasses, which come outfitted with dual mini OLED panels, provide quite a nice image (those panels offer a 1080p resolution with up to 1,600 nits of brightness), with very vibrant colors. If you aim the glasses at a wall, it feels vaguely like you’re using a really vivid home projector — or perhaps are at a drive-in movie. In a dark room, you’re one step closer to the in-theater experience.

However, the overall experience also brought some questions to mind. Namely, why would I sit next to my computer with glasses on my head watching a thing that is also playing on my laptop only 14 inches away? The reason, XREAL offers, is that the glasses are more immersive (indeed, they claim the device’s projections are equivalent to viewing content on a 147-inch screen). Still, the redundancy of watching a movie while it plays right next to you makes you question what the actual purpose of the device is.

XREAL has suggested that the glasses can function as a “second monitor” (indeed, they’ve actually been referred to as a “wearable display”) but the functionality of this is, again, questionable. It’s rather difficult to see anything other than what the glasses are projecting — which would make it quite difficult to, say, work on a laptop while also wearing them.

The glasses can also be connected to your phone. Unfortunately, I have an older iPhone, which means that the a01’s cable is not compatible with the phone’s port. An adapter would have been necessary to link the two.

The user experience is easy enough to imagine, however. Connecting the glasses to a phone changes the situation in that you’re not captive to an indoor experience anymore as you would be with a heftier device like a laptop. You can watch a movie while you’re traveling on a plane or a train (or, hell, while you’re walking down the street — although I would say this last option is generally ill-advised unless you want to accidentally walk into traffic).

However, there are still inconvenient limitations with using the device this way. For one thing, the glasses still only function as a screen-mirroring device — meaning that the screen of your phone needs to remain active while you’re using the glasses. This brings us back to the redundancy problem. You’re watching a video on a screen attached to your face while the same video plays on a different screen that is located less than a foot away. You could partially solve this issue by putting the phone in your pocket, but the chances seem high that any jostling might upset the device’s playback functionality.

It’s worth noting that the device can also be paired with a separate device, dubbed the Beam Pro, which is essentially a mini-tablet and can act as an isolated streaming hub. Users download shows and movies onto the Beam, connect it to the glasses, and watch. However, this device will cost you another $200.

Then there’s the heat. It doesn’t take long for the a01 to start warming up — producing an odd tingling sensation on the bridge of your nose and over your eyes. This is, of course, not an experience unique to XREAL’s products — it’s a well-known defect of most XR glasses. You can only cram so much computing into a small plastic device before all the electrical processing begins to warm everything up. Still, it’s a tad disconcerting, and not exactly what you would want from an accessory that you’re wearing on your face.

I will say that — heat aside — the a01 is a relatively lightweight and comfortable device — and it isn’t overly cumbersome like other smart glasses that I’ve worn. (Having given Snap’s Specs a try at CES earlier this year, I promise you those are significantly heavier — although it’s also a very different kind of device than the a01.)

XREAL continues to iterate its product line, with each new device seeming to improve upon the previous one. Indeed, some of the existential dilemmas present in the a01 and previous XREAL headsets seem to have been ironed out in the company’s newest (and yet to be released) device: Project Aura — which I caught a glimpse of during my visit to Google I/O earlier this year — promises a significantly more immersive and convenient experience.

The Aura is powered by Android XR, an extended reality operating system developed by Google and Samsung. The Aura comes with native hand tracking (which is absent in the a01), as well as access to the Google Play Store, giving the glasses significantly more interactive abilities and AR potential. It also comes with a puck, tethered to the glasses, that acts as both the charging source and a compute node. The puck, which can be easily placed in your pocket, means that — unlike the a01 — you have substantially more mobility and you don’t have to keep it plugged into a separate device.

Let’s return to the a01, though. Unfortunately, from a cinephile’s perspective, watching movies on a pair of sunglasses just isn’t ideal. In general, movie fans like a big screen — the bigger, the better, really. In a world of 4K OLEDs of varyingly gargantuan sizes, consumers have a lot of options. My TV — a 55-inch TCL S-series — isn’t even a particularly powerful device, but it provides a home-viewing experience that is more comfortable and satisfying than what the a01 can provide. To my mind, watching a movie at home on a large flat screen is second only to actually going to a theater. Watching a film on tiny screens less than an inch from your eyes, meanwhile, is an interesting experience for its distinct sense of immersion but not what I’d call optimal.

The a01 is an interesting glimpse into a hardware industry that continues to evolve and that is still finding its footing with consumers. I’m curious to see how the user experience shifts with XREAL’s upcoming Aura, and I’m game to reevaluate my movie-watching preferences when that time comes.