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This young startup is taking on a fragrance industry that hasn’t changed in a almost half century

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Fragrance tech company Patina says it has raised $2 million in funding investors, including Betaworks and True Ventures. 

The company focuses on creating new scent molecules using advanced molecular design, machine learning, and scent research. Today, most of the scent molecules used in consumer products are created by a small number of specialized labs, which then sell those molecules to fragrance houses or cosmetics companies — the brands that ultimately turn them into perfumes, candles, or flavored products. Patina is trying to shake that up, entering an area that has seen little innovation in the past half century.

The company was founded by Sean Raspet and Laura Sisson. Raspet is an artist and perfumer who, over time, developed an obsession with human senses and began creating new scent and flavor molecules as a creative pursuit. Sisson, meanwhile, came from a background in food and software engineering, and became obsessed with human senses after discovering an entire scientific field dedicated to modeling them. The two met, naturally, at a scent art gallery in New York in 2024, where Raspet was exhibiting new molecules and Sisson was an engineer building olfactory learning models. 

“We started collaborating on research, and it became clear that the timing was right to finally build the tools to understand scent at the biological level,” Raspet told TechCrunch. “That felt like a company.” 

They launched Patina last year and began working on a foundational model called Sense1, designed to replicate the scent receptors in the nose and create what they describe as “the first universal code of smell and taste.” Currently, researchers largely use words like “floral” or “woody” to describe smells, an imprecise system that leads to inconsistencies across regions and languages. Working on the receptor level, he said, allows them to create “never-before-smelled molecules and reconstruct the world’s rarest natural ingredients.”

Patina said it is already in talks to work with top fragrance houses and with fashion brands about creating custom scents. The timing feels right. Customers increasingly want “newer, safer and more expressive perfumes,” Sisson said. There’s also supply-chain pressure. Many natural ingredients like rose oil are becoming harder to produce and more expensive — a problem that synthetic alternatives could help solve. Patina’s molecules can simulate the smell of rose oil at the biological level, mimicking the natural material without the need for plant extraction.

“These replications are less carbon-intensive than the original plant extract, consuming significantly less water and petrochemicals,” Raspet said. 

Others in this space include startups like Osmo and legacy incumbents like Givaudan and Symrise, two of the largest flavor and fragrance giants in the world. 

For Patina, there is also an intellectual property angle worth noting. Right now, only fragrance molecules can be patented, not the formulas themselves, meaning that scents can easily be replicated. This benefits the large fragrance houses, the only players that could really afford to develop enough scent variations in a lab. AI has made this process cheaper and faster, letting smaller companies like Patina create custom scent ingredients in weeks, not years.

“We think by expanding the palette, perfumers and flavorists at all scales will be able to develop and protect their signature style,” Raspet said. 

AI is also transforming other parts of the scent industry. It’s helping to phase out animal testing, since new models can predict human-skin reactions nearly as accurately, Raspet said. And while understanding how primary scents work at a molecular level seemed far-fetched to researchers even five years ago, the Patina team said AI is helping unlock breakthroughs in how the senses function at a molecular level. 

Raspet said the new funding has already allowed the team to move from his backyard into a proper office in Bushwick, Brooklyn, with a small group of chemists, and will go toward launching new molecules and funding new partnerships.

“All models need data to learn from, and we’ve been able to fund collaborations with startups and academic labs to gather this receptor activation data. At the same time, we believe more computationally detailed simulation of interactions of molecules with odor receptors will be a huge unlock for scaling,” he added. 

The long-term ambition is to create what Raspet calls a “Pantone for scent” — a reference to the universal color-matching system used across design and manufacturing industries — establishing the primary scent molecules from which any smell or flavor can be built. “The information has been there the whole time, waiting for the technology to catch up and a team with the right combination of expertise and obsession to unlock it,” Raspet said. “These ideas can now be made real, with Patina as the underlying intelligence layer.” 

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Apple Has $1 Billion in Chips Waiting — and Memory Is the Problem

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Apple is reportedly racing to secure DRAM for the iPhone 18 Pro and foldable iPhone as a memory shortage threatens to tighten launch supply.

The post Apple Has $1 Billion in Chips Waiting — and Memory Is the Problem appeared first on TechRepublic.

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The Pivot From Tech Expert to Organizational Leader

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The transition from a purely technical expert or individual contributor position to a broader leadership role is one of the most challenging phases in a STEM career. It requires moving away from relying solely on technical excellence toward mastering systems thinking, adaptive leadership, and team alignment.

To help mid-career professionals navigate the shift, the inaugural IEEE International Leadership Conference is designed to provide attendees with practical tools to step into broader responsibility and champion an entrepreneurial mindset.

The ILC event is scheduled for 3 and 4 October in Budapest. Registration is open.

Thinking beyond technical contributions

To successfully step into a leadership role, technical professionals need to look beyond their individual output and focus on “understanding the larger system, and championing innovation by building trust and aligning new ideas with organizational goals,” says IEEE Life Senior Member Daniel Sniezek, cochair of the ILC program committee.

Because engineering decisions don’t exist in a vacuum, navigating the larger system requires recognizing how technical choices intersect with the organization’s broader business, operational, and ethical realities, Sniezek says.

By letting go of the need to be the sole technical expert and focusing instead on collaborative empowerment, he says, engineers can pivot into transformational leaders who align new initiatives with the organization’s strategic vision.

Ultimately, over the span of a career, an individual’s leadership journey evolves far beyond personal advancement to “creating a lasting legacy through the people you develop, the knowledge you share, and the innovations you inspire,” he says.

Solving the intrapreneur’s dilemma

Championing disruptive ideas within established corporate structures—sometimes called the intrapreneur’s dilemma—does not mean working against the organization. Rather, it requires emerging leaders to act like business owners instead of passive task-takers.

To begin thinking like an entrepreneur from within, professionals should shift their focus from merely executing assigned work to proactively identifying hidden areas that would create value for the company, building trust with colleagues, and presenting bold innovations as solutions to the organization’s long-term strategic goals.

That kind of self-starting entrepreneurial mindset is how leaders create opportunities out of institutional constraints.

IEEE Senior Member Deyasini Majumdar, cochair of the ILC program committee, advises professionals to exercise leadership and strategic thinking skills without being asked.

“Within the constraints of established organizational structures you can unearth a treasure trove of opportunities to innovate,” Majumdar says. “Remember: A key trait of an effective leader is to engineer solutions and lead, even in the face of difficulties.”

A multidirectional exchange

Leadership is a multidirectional exchange of ideas across generations—which is one focus of the ILC.

Although emerging leaders can gain invaluable strategic guidance from seasoned executives, the relationship is a dynamic, two-way street.

Modern leadership requires established executives to remain active learners. Addressing what senior leaders can glean from their mid-career counterparts, Majumdar emphasizes, the leaders must maintain “the openness to seek opportunities, to quickly adapt, and to learn and grow with everyone around them.”

A continuous-learning mindset is what keeps leaders agile and effective in a rapidly changing technological landscape, he says.

The mutual openness can serve as a bridge between generations.

Whether an emerging professional is making a mid-career pivot from technical expert to manager, or a senior executive is transitioning into a mentoring and advisory role, the fundamental rule of transformational leadership is similar. Success means shifting your focus from individual achievement to enabling the capability, growth, and legacy of others.

Building influence and impact

To help with the shift toward transformational leadership, the ILC is featuring sessions focused on questions professionals must ask at key career inflection points.

Rather than a single workshop, the distributed sessions aim to address diverse professional transitions, such as evaluating promotions, learning how to influence laterally, pitching innovative projects, and sustaining leadership energy.

Inflection points include evaluating new internal roles; building lateral or upward trust; pitching an idea about a disruptive project; and facing rapidly expanding responsibilities.

The questions include:

  • How do I evaluate career transitions without discarding hard-won experience?
  • How can I exercise leadership through credibility and collaboration, regardless of formal authority?
  • How do I use an entrepreneurial mindset to create value and gain sponsorship for new ideas?
  • How can I avoid the early warning signs of burnout while taking on more responsibility?

The conference is designed to equip attendees with systems thinking and communication mastery needed to cultivate influence.

Leadership is not just about reaching the top; it is also about engaging in a collaborative effort to multiply your impact across the ecosystem.

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Meta Faces India Backlash After PM Modi Post Restriction, Issues Apology

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Meta apologizes after blaming the restriction on an operational error.

Meta Platforms Chief Global Affairs Officer Joel Kaplan apologized to India’s Information Technology Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw on Wednesday over the temporary restriction of Modi’s Facebook post in July.

“I apologized to the minister on behalf of Meta for the error restricting PM Modi’s post,” Kaplan said in a statement.

The post, a video message from Modi addressing students during protests over examination paper leaks, was briefly restricted on Facebook before being restored. Meta said the removal happened because of an operational error.

The company’s apology followed meetings between Meta executives and Indian government officials as scrutiny increased over how the platform handles politically sensitive content and harmful material.

The incident added to a wider dispute between Meta and India’s government. Officials have raised concerns about child sexual abuse material (CSAM), deepfake content and other platform failures.

According to Reuters, Moneycontrol and other Indian outlets reported that Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg separately apologized to the Indian government over child sexual abuse material, deepfakes and other operational lapses involving the company’s platforms. Meta did not respond to Reuters’ request for comment on those reports.

Indian authorities had also questioned Meta over how harmful content could appear on its services. Government officials said the company acknowledged mistakes and discussed corrective measures, according to reports from Indian media.

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India is one of Meta’s largest markets, with hundreds of millions of people using Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp. WhatsApp alone has more than 600 million users in the country, according to Bloomberg.

The dispute highlights the difficult balance global platforms face in India. Companies must maintain content moderation systems that can operate at massive scale while also navigating government expectations around political speech, safety and accountability.

For users, the episode raises questions about how automated moderation tools handle high-profile accounts and whether mistakes involving public figures receive faster attention than similar errors affecting ordinary users.

Meta’s apology may ease immediate tensions, but the broader debate over platform responsibility is unlikely to disappear. Social networks are increasingly being pushed to explain how their moderation systems determine what content remains available to audiences.

Also read: Meta’s moderation controversy in India follows another recent reversal for the company, which removed an Instagram AI image feature after backlash over consent and privacy.

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